Summarising — capturing the main points of a longer text in a much shorter form — is a core academic skill used in essays, literature reviews, reports and exams. Done well it shows understanding; done badly it becomes either a copy or a distortion. This complete UK guide explains what a summary is, how it differs from paraphrasing, a step-by-step method, and how to summarise accurately and concisely.
What Is a Summary?
A summary condenses a longer text into its essential points in your own words. It keeps the original meaning and balance but is significantly shorter, leaving out examples, detail and repetition.
Summary vs Paraphrase
A paraphrase restates a specific passage at similar length; a summary condenses a whole text into its key points. Both use your own words and require a citation when the ideas are someone else's. See our paraphrasing guide.
A Step-by-Step Method
✓ Read the text fully to understand it.
✓ Identify the main idea and key supporting points.
✓ Set the original aside.
✓ Write the points in your own words.
✓ Check it for accuracy and balance.
✓ Cite the source.
Keep It Accurate and Balanced
A good summary reflects the original's meaning and emphasis without inserting your own opinion or distorting the argument. Give each main point weight proportional to the original; do not over-focus on one part.
Keep It Concise
Cut examples, anecdotes, repetition and minor detail. A summary should be much shorter than the original — the skill is deciding what is essential and leaving the rest out without losing the meaning.
Common Mistakes and Tips
✓ Copying phrases instead of rewording.
✓ Adding your own opinion.
✓ Distorting the emphasis.
✓ Including too much detail. Tip: capture the main idea in your own words, stay balanced, and cite the source.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a summary?
A condensed version of a longer text's main points in your own words.
What is the difference between a summary and a paraphrase?
A paraphrase restates a passage at similar length; a summary condenses a whole text.
Do I need to cite a summary?
Yes — when the ideas are someone else's, a citation is required.
How long should a summary be?
Much shorter than the original — only the essential points.
How do I keep a summary accurate?
Reflect the original's meaning and emphasis without adding opinion.
Should I include examples in a summary?
No — leave out examples, detail and repetition.
How do I start summarising?
Read fully, identify the main idea and key points, then reword them.
Can I add my own opinion?
No — a summary stays neutral and faithful to the source.
Related Study Guides
How to Paraphrase • How to Write an Abstract • How to Write a Literature Review • How to Avoid Plagiarism
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